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CMDB (配置管理数据库) API 调用　　

PUBLIC/PRIVATE CLOUD API调用　　

USER → Ansible Playbook → Ansibile

7、利用ansible实现管理的方式：　　

Ad-Hoc即ansible命令，主要用于临时命令使用场景　　

Ansible-playbook主要用于长期规划好的，大型项目的场景，需要有前提的规划　　

Ansible-playbook (剧本) 执行过程：　　　　

• 将已有编排好的任务集写入Ansible-Playbook　　　　
• 通过ansible-playbook命令分拆任务集至逐条ansible命令，按预定规则逐条执行　　

Ansible主要操作对象：　　　　

• HOSTS主机　　　　
• NETWORKING网络设备　　

注意事项：　　

➢执行ansible的主机一般称为主控端，中控，master或堡垒机　　

➢主控端Python版本需要2.6或以上　　

➢被控端Python版本小于2.4需要安装python-simplejson　　

➢被控端如开启SELinux需要安装libselinux-python　　

➢windows不能做为主控端

8、安装（本机采用rpm安装，实验）　　

1>rpm包安装：EPEL源

yum install ansible -y

　　2>编译安装：

yum -y install python-jinja2 PyYAML python-paramiko python-babel python-crypto
tar xf ansible-1.5.4.tar.gz
cd ansible-1.5.4
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
mkdir /etc/ansible
cp -r examples/* /etc/ansible

　　3>Git方式：

git clone git:///ansible/ansible.git --recursive
cd ./ansible
source ./hacking/env-setup

　　4>pip安装：pip是安装Python包的管理器，类似yum

yum install python-pip python-devel
yum install gcc glibc-devel zibl-devel rpm-bulid openssl-devel
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install ansible --upgrade

　　5>确认安装: ansible –version

9、相关文件　　

1>配置文件　　　　

• /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg 主配置文件，配置ansible工作特性　　　　
• /etc/ansible/hosts 主机清单　　　　
• /etc/ansible/roles/ 存放角色的目录　　

2>程序　　　　

• /usr/bin/ansible 主程序，临时命令执行工具　　　　
• /usr/bin/ansible-doc 查看配置文档，模块功能查看工具　　　　
• /usr/bin/ansible-galaxy 下载/上传优秀代码或Roles模块的官网平台　　　　
• /usr/bin/ansible-playbook 定制自动化任务，编排剧本工具/usr/bin/ansible-pull远程执行命令的工具　　　　
• /usr/bin/ansible-vault 文件加密工具　　　　
• /usr/bin/ansible-console 基于Console界面与用户交互的执行工具　　

3>主机清单inventory　　　　

• Inventory主机清单　　　　
• ansible的主要功用在于批量主机操作，为了便捷地使用其中的部分主机，可以在inventory file中将其分组命名　　　　
• 默认的inventory file为/etc/ansible/hosts　　　　
• inventory file可以有多个，且也可以通过Dynamic Inventory来动态生成　　

4>/etc/ansible/hosts文件格式　　

inventory文件遵循INI文件风格，中括号中的字符为组名。可以将同一个主机同时归并到多个不同的组中；此外，当如若目标主机使用了非默认的SSH端口，还可以在主机名称之后使用冒号加端口号来标明

[root@ansible ~]#vim /etc/ansible/hosts

也可以配置域名解析，使用域名代替ip，如果ssh默认端口号有改动不是22端口，则 ip/域名:端口

Ansible配置文件　　Ansible配置文件/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg (一般保持默认)

[defaults]
#inventory = /etc/ansible/hosts #主机列表配置文件
#library = /usr/share/my_modules/ #库文件存放目录
#remote_tmp = $HOME/.ansible/tmp #临时py命令文件存放在远程主机目录
#local_tmp = $HOME/.ansible/tmp #本机的临时命令执行目录
#forks = 5 #默认并发数
#sudo_user = root #默认sudo用户
#ask_sudo_pass = True #每次执行ansible命令是否询问ssh密码
#ask_pass = True
#remote_port = 22
#host_key_checking = False #检查对应服务器的host_key，建议取消注释，要不然得先建立连接（/root/.ssh/known_hosts）Ansible才能连接成功
#log_path=/var/log/ansible.log #日志文件

Ansible配置文件保持默认，建议开启：host_key_checking = False，log_path=/var/log/ansible.log

10、Ansible系列命令
ansible ansible-doc ansible-playbook ansible-vault ansible-console ansible-galaxy ansible-pull
ansible-doc 显示模块帮助
ansible-doc [options] [module…]

• -a 显示所有模块的文档
• -l,–list 列出可用模块
• -s,–snippet显示指定模块的playbook片段

示例:

ansible-doc -l 列出所有模块
ansible-doc ping 查看指定模块帮助用法
ansible-doc -s ping 查看指定模块帮助用法（短帮助）

ansible通过ssh实现配置管理、应用部署、任务执行等功能，建议配置ansible端能基于密钥认证的方式联系各被管理节点
　　ansible <host-pattern> [-m module_name] [-a args]
　　　　–version显示版本
　　　　-m module指定模块，默认为command
　　　　-v详细过程-vv -vvv更详细
　　　　–list-hosts显示主机列表,可简写-list
　　　　-k, –ask-pass提示输入ssh连接密码，默认Key验证
　　　　-K, –ask-e-pass提示输入sudo时的口令
　　　　-C, –check检查，并不执行
　　　　-T, –timeout=TIMEOUT执行命令的超时时间，默认10s
　　　　-u, –user=REMOTE_USER执行远程执行的用户
　　　　-b, –e代替旧版的sudo切换

[root@ansible ~]#ansible 192.168.100.10 -m ping -k #-m:指定模块，-k:指定k口令验证
SSH password:
192.168.100.10 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all --list #列出主机列表
hosts (2):
192.168.100.10
192.168.100.20
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m ping -u yang -k #以yang用户身份执行ping
SSH password:
192.168.100.20 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.100.10 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -k -u yang -b -K -mand -a ’ls /root’ #以yang用户身份执行ls /root，-b即sudo切换身份，-K输入sudo时的口令
SSH password:
BECOME password[defaults to SSH password]:
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
jdk-8u221-linux-x64.tar.gz
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg

设置基于key验证：
[root@ansible ~]#ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): #设置空，为了安全建议进行进一步设置
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): #设置空
Enter same passphrase again: #设置空
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:nHRFKqBQ/jceNpkOFfoVLKbE+hVchYw25FKG8m3eFeM root@ansible.localdomain
The key’s randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .....+==o++ |
| o..+*O.++o |
| o=o==++. o |
| ..o*+B E |
| .o+S. . |
| .*.+. |
| o |
| |
| |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@ansible ~]#ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.10 #拷贝至192.168.100.10
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.100.10’s password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh ’192.168.100.10’"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@ansible ~]#ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.20 #拷贝至192.168.100.20
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.100.20’s password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh ’192.168.100.20’"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m ping #基于key验证不需要在输入key口令
192.168.100.20 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.100.10 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all --list
hosts (2):
192.168.100.10
192.168.100.20

　　*：通配符
　　ansible “*” -m ping
　　ansible 192.168.100.* -m ping
　　ansible “*server” -m ping

[root@ansible ~]#ansible *server -m ping
192.168.100.20 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.100.10 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}

　　或关系
　　ansible “webserver:dbserver” -m ping
　　ansible “192.168.100.10:192.168.100.20” -m ping

[root@ansible ~]#ansible "webserver:dbserver" -m ping
192.168.100.20 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.100.10 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}

　　逻辑与
　　ansible “webserver:&dbserver” -m ping
　　在webserver组并且在dbserver组中的主机
　　逻辑非
　　ansible ’webserver:!dbserver’ -m ping
　　在webserver组，但不在dbserver组中的主机
　　注意：此处为单引号
　　综合逻辑
　　ansible ’webserver:dbserver:&appserver:!ftpserver’ -m ping
　　正则表达式
　　ansible “webserver:&dbserver” -m ping
　　ansible“ ~(web|db).*.yang.com”-m ping

11、Ansible命令执行过程
　　

1.加载自己的配置文件默认/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
　　2.加载自己对应的模块文件，如command
　　3.通过ansible将模块或命令生成对应的临时py文件，并将该文件传输至远程服务器的对应执行用户$HOME/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-数字/XXX.PY文件
　　4.给文件+x执行
　　5.执行并返回结果
　　6.删除临时py文件，sleep 0退出
　　执行状态：
　　　　绿色：执行成功并且不需要做改变的操作
　　　　黄色：执行成功并且对目标主机做变更
　　　　红色：执行失败

12、Ansible常见模块

　　各种模块的使用，可以ansible-doc -s service先查看帮助，再进行使用　　1&mand模块：在远程主机执行命令，默认模块，可忽略-m选项

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -mand -a ’hostname’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
node-2
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
node-1
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -mand -a ’echo yang | passwd --stdin yang’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
yang | passwd --stdin yang #没有成功，当字符串打印出来了
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
yang | passwd --stdin yang #没有成功，当字符串打印出来了

此命令不支持$VARNAME < > | ; & 等，需要使用shelI模块实现

2>shell模块：和command相似，用shell执行命令

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m shell -a ’echo yang | passwd --stdin yang’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
更改用户 yang 的密码 。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
更改用户 yang 的密码 。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

调用bash执行命令类似cat /tmp/stanley.md | awk -F’|’ ’{print $1,$2}’ &>/tmp/example.txt 这些复杂命令，即使使用shell也可能会失败，解决办法：写到脚本，copy到远程，执行，再把需要的结果拉回执行命令的机器

3>script模块：运行脚本　　-a “/PATH/TO/SCRIPT_FILE”

[root@ansible ~]#./hello.sh #当前Ansible机器上的脚本：实现打印hello，输出主机名
hello
my hostname is ansible.localdomain
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m script -a ’/root/hello.sh’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.100.20 closed.
",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to 192.168.100.20 closed."
],
"stdout": "hello
my hostname is node2.localdomain
",
"stdout_lines": [
"hello",
"my hostname is node2.localdomain"
]
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.100.10 closed.
",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to 192.168.100.10 closed."
],
"stdout": "hello
my hostname is node1.localdomain
",
"stdout_lines": [
"hello",
"my hostname is node1.localdomain"
]
}

4>copy模块：从服务器复制文件到客户端

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m copy -a ’src=/root/hello.sh dest=/root/’ #src:指定源文件 dest:指定目标文件存放目录
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "63ff849c6cde8cd1eef04e0472e832d8407eca00",
"dest": "/root/hello.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "c426adca4193658a2183f59d726cc2dc",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 58,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1584450232.18-80008690840068/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "63ff849c6cde8cd1eef04e0472e832d8407eca00",
"dest": "/root/hello.sh",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "c426adca4193658a2183f59d726cc2dc",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 58,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1584450232.14-44687748938829/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}

node1节点查看：
[root@node1 ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 1557 Sep 28 22:49 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   58 Mar 17 21:03 hello.sh

删除node节点的hello.sh文件，重新创建个同名文件，再使用ansible复制，如目标存在，默认覆盖，此处backup=yes指定先备份（ansible有幂等性特点）
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m copy -a ’src=/root/hello.sh dest=/root/ backup=yes mode=+x’ #src:指定源文件 dest:指定目标文件存放目录 backup=yes:如果目标文件存在则进行备份
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "63ff849c6cde8cd1eef04e0472e832d8407eca00",
    "dest": "/root/hello.sh",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0755",
    "owner": "root",
    "path": "/root/hello.sh",
    "size": 58,
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "63ff849c6cde8cd1eef04e0472e832d8407eca00",
    "dest": "/root/hello.sh",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0755",
    "owner": "root",
    "path": "/root/hello.sh",
    "size": 58,
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’ls /root/’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
hello.sh
hello.sh.4160.2020-03-17@21:14:23~ #原文件存在，被备份
jdk-8u221-linux-x64.tar.gz
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
hello.sh
hello.sh.4604.2020-03-17@21:14:22~ #原文件存在，被备份

　　5>Fetch模块：从客户端取文件至服务器端，copy相反，目录可先tar

[root@ansible ~]#mkdir /data #先创建一个/data目录，存放抓取过来的文件
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m fetch -a ’src=/root/anaconda-ks.cfg dest=/data’
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "c324508ffa651d64f4fa6286fb74ec438e283b3b",
"dest": "/data/192.168.100.10/root/anaconda-ks.cfg",
"md5sum": "b1c0bd6a556fac4e120fddcc7d1124df",
"remote_checksum": "c324508ffa651d64f4fa6286fb74ec438e283b3b",
"remote_md5sum": null
}
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "4a2e5b1e34c5496d9dcebbb9a1b7ece8b6b03950",
"dest": "/data/192.168.100.20/root/anaconda-ks.cfg",
"md5sum": "32435d070271e8018672e21ae7c2acbb",
"remote_checksum": "4a2e5b1e34c5496d9dcebbb9a1b7ece8b6b03950",
"remote_md5sum": null
}
[root@ansible ~]#tree /data/
/data/
├── 192.168.100.10
│   └── root
│   └── anaconda-ks.cfg
└── 192.168.100.20
└── root
└── anaconda-ks.cfg

4 directories, 2 files

　　6>File模块：设置文件属性

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’ls /data’
192.168.100.20 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: 无法访问/data: 没有那个文件或目录non-zero return code
192.168.100.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: 无法访问/data: 没有那个文件或目录non-zero return code
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m shell -a ’mkdir /data’ #可以看到我们使用shell，创建目录，建议我们使用file模块创建目录
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=directory rather than running
’mkdir’. If you need to mand because file is insufficient you can add
’warn: false’ to mand task or set ’command_warnings=False’ in ansible.cfg
to get rid of this message.
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’ls /data’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m file -a ’name=/data/f1 state=touch’ #在创建的/data目录下，使用file模块创建文件，state=touch:状态=touch 创建
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/data/f1",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/data/f1",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’ls /data’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
f1
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
f1
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m file -a ’name=/data/f1 state=absent’ #absent删除文件
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"path": "/data/f1",
"state": "absent"
}
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"path": "/data/f1",
"state": "absent"
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’ls /data’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m file -a ’name=/data/dir1 state=directory’ #directory创建目录
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/data/dir1",
"size": 6,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/data/dir1",
"size": 6,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’ls -l /data’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 3月 17 22:29 dir1
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 3月 17 22:29 dir1
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m file -a ’name=/data/dir1 state=absent’ #删除目录
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"path": "/data/dir1",
"state": "absent"
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"path": "/data/dir1",
"state": "absent"
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’ls /data’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m file -a ’src=/etc/fstab dest=/data/fstab.link state=link’ #src,dest指定源文件，目标文件，link：创建软链接
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/data/fstab.link",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"size": 10,
"src": "/etc/fstab",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/data/fstab.link",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"size": 10,
"src": "/etc/fstab",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’ls -l /data’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
总用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 3月 17 22:31 fstab.link -> /etc/fstab
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
总用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 3月 17 22:31 fstab.link -> /etc/fstab
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m file -a ’dest=/data/fstab.link state=absent’ #删除软链接
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"path": "/data/fstab.link",
"state": "absent"
}
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"path": "/data/fstab.link",
"state": "absent"
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’ls -l /data’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
总用量 0
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
总用量 0

　　7>Hostname模块：管理主机名

node-1节点先查看主机名：
[root@node-1 ~]# hostname
node-1

[root@ansible ~]#ansible 192.168.100.10 -m hostname -a ’name=node1’
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_domain": "",
"ansible_fqdn": "node1",
"ansible_hostname": "node1",
"ansible_nodename": "node1",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"name": "node1"
}

node-1节点再查看主机名：exit退出生效
[root@node-1 ~]# hostname
node1

　　8>Cron模块：计划任务支持时间：minute , hour , day , month , weekday：分钟，小时，日，月，周

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m cron -a ’minute=* weekday=1,2,3 job="/usr/bin/wall FBI warning" name=warning’ #创建任务
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": [
"warning"
]
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"envs": [],
"jobs": [
"warning"
]
}

node-1节点查看：node-2节点类似
[root@node-1 ~]#
Broadcast message from root@node-1 (Tue Mar 17 22:48:01 2020):

FBI warning

Broadcast message from root@node-1 (Tue Mar 17 22:49:01 2020):

FBI warning

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m cron -a ’disabled=true job="/usr/bin/wall FBI warning" name=warning’ #disabled=true关闭任务
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": [
        "warning"
    ]
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": [
        "warning"
    ]
}

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m cron -a ’job="/usr/bin/wall FBI warning" name=warning state=absent’ #absent删除任务
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": []
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "envs": [],
    "jobs": []
}

　　9>Yum：管理包　　ansible server -m yum -a ’name=httpd state=latest’安装　　ansible server -m yum -a ’name=httpd state=absent’删除

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m yum -a ’name=httpd state=latest’ #latest：安装
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"changes": {
"installed": [
"httpd"
],
"updated": []
},
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-67.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos base 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 base 103 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos base 87 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 10 M
Downloading packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 8.4 MB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/5
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5
Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 4/5
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5

Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos

Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7

Complete!
"
]
}
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"changes": {
"installed": [
"httpd"
],
"updated": []
},
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-67.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos will be installed
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos base 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 base 103 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos base 87 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 10 M
Downloading packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 8.3 MB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/5
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5
Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 4/5
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5

Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos

Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7

Complete!
"
]
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m shell -a ’rpm -q httpd’ #查看是否安装
[WARNING]: Consider using the yum, dnf or zypper module rather than running ’rpm’.
If you need to mand because yum, dnf or zypper is insufficient you can add
’warn: false’ to mand task or set ’command_warnings=False’ in ansible.cfg
to get rid of this message.
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m yum -a ’name=httpd state=absent’ #absent：卸载
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"changes": {
"removed": [
"httpd"
]
},
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-67.el7.centos 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在删除:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos @base 9.4 M

事务概要
================================================================================
移除 1 软件包

安装大小：9.4 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在删除 : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1

删除:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos

完毕！
"
]
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"changes": {
"removed": [
"httpd"
]
},
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-67.el7.centos 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在删除:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos @base 9.4 M

事务概要
================================================================================
移除 1 软件包

安装大小：9.4 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在删除 : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1

删除:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos

完毕！
"
]
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m shell -a ’rpm -q httpd’ #卸载后查看
[WARNING]: Consider using the yum, dnf or zypper module rather than running ’rpm’.
If you need to mand because yum, dnf or zypper is insufficient you can add
’warn: false’ to mand task or set ’command_warnings=False’ in ansible.cfg
to get rid of this message.
192.168.100.20 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
未安装软件包 httpd non-zero return code
192.168.100.10 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
未安装软件包 httpd non-zero return code

　　10>Service模块：管理服务　　ansible server -m service -a ’name=httpd state=stopped’　　ansible server -m service -a ’name=httpd state=started’　　ansible server -m service -a ’name=httpd state=reloaded’　　ansible server -m service -a ’name=httpd state=restarted’

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m yum -a ’name=httpd state=latest’ #安装httpd
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m shell -a ’ss -ntl’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m service -a ’name=httpd state=started enabled=yes’ #启动httpd，并设为开机自启动
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m shell -a ’ss -ntl’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m service -a ’name=httpd state=stopped’ #关闭httpd


　　11>User模块：管理用户

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m user -a ’name=nginx shell=/sbin/nologin system=yes home=/var/nginx groups=root,bin uid=ment="nginx service"’ #创建用户指定shell类型，系统账号，家目录，附加组，uid，描述信息
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"comment": "nginx service",
"create_home": true,
"group": 77,
"groups": "root,bin",
"home": "/var/nginx",
"name": "nginx",
"shell": "/sbin/nologin",
"state": "present",
"system": true,
"uid": 77
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"comment": "nginx service",
"create_home": true,
"group": 77,
"groups": "root,bin",
"home": "/var/nginx",
"name": "nginx",
"shell": "/sbin/nologin",
"state": "present",
"system": true,
"uid": 77
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’getent passwd nginx’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
nginx:x:77:77:nginx service:/var/nginx:/sbin/nologin
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
nginx:x:77:77:nginx service:/var/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m user -a ’name=nginx state=absent remove=yes’ #删除用户及其家目录信息
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"force": false,
"name": "nginx",
"remove": true,
"state": "absent",
"stderr": "userdel: nginx 邮件池 (/var/spool/mail/nginx) 未找到
",
"stderr_lines": [
"userdel: nginx 邮件池 (/var/spool/mail/nginx) 未找到"
]
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"force": false,
"name": "nginx",
"remove": true,
"state": "absent",
"stderr": "userdel: nginx 邮件池 (/var/spool/mail/nginx) 未找到
",
"stderr_lines": [
"userdel: nginx 邮件池 (/var/spool/mail/nginx) 未找到"
]
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’getent passwd nginx’
192.168.100.20 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
non-zero return code
192.168.100.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
non-zero return code

　　12>Group：管理组

[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m group -a ’name=nginx system=yes gid=88’
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 88,
"name": "nginx",
"state": "present",
"system": true
}
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 88,
"name": "nginx",
"state": "present",
"system": true
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’getent group nginx’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
nginx:x:88:
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
nginx:x:88:
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -m group -a ’name=nginx state=absent’
192.168.100.20 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"name": "nginx",
"state": "absent"
}
192.168.100.10 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"name": "nginx",
"state": "absent"
}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible all -a ’getent group nginx’
192.168.100.20 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
non-zero return code
192.168.100.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
non-zero return code

　　模块用法不清楚可以查看帮助：

[root@ansible ~]#ansible-doc -s cron #例：查看cron模块

感谢作者：我听过

出处：http://dwz.date/bYGu

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